The most popular measurement method: residual phase noise measurement method

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Residual phase noise measurement The absolute phase noise measurement method eliminates the effects of internal noise sources such as the power supply or output clock, while the absolute phase noise measurement method includes noise from these sources. The residual phase noise device isolates and measures the additive phase noise of the device. Using this information, designers can select individual devices in the electronic signal chain to meet the phase noise requirements of the overall system. This article includes phase noise plots of timing devices to highlight the properties of residual phase noise devices. Additionally, it explains how additive phase noise can be used to identify the source of noise problems in electronic signal chains.

Figure 1 shows the setup used to measure the additive phase noise of a device under test (DUT). Note that two DUTs are applied; eachThe DUTs are connected to the common power supply and output clock. The phase noise generated by these common noise sources is coherently coupled at each DUT input. By simply modeling the phase detector as an analog multiplier with gain KPD, the input phase noise can be found:

Among them, E1 is the amplified DUT1 input electronic signal, and E2 is the amplified and delayed Rwandans EscortThe late DUT2 inputs electronic signals, ERwanda Sugar DaddyC1 and EC2 are the electronic signal powers, θM1 and θM2 are The amplitude of phase noise, ωC is the carrier frequency and ωM is the offset frequency. Superposition is used, so the phase noise inherent in the DUT can be ignored when considering phase noise from internal sources. If DUT1 and DUT2 have Rwandans Sugardaddy the same excess phase transfer performance, then the θM1 portion generated by the clock source and power supply is equal to that generated by the common clock source and power occurs in the θM2 sector. This phenomenon is called power pull and can be simply described by the following equation:

In this way, the amplitude of the phase modulation can be determined by the product of the voltage noise on the power supply and KP Rwandans Escort – Power supply pulling gain (rad/ RW EscortsV) derived. This noise at the phase detector input can actually be canceled if DUT1 and DUT2 have equivalent supply pulling gains source, leaving only the relevant noise of the two DUTs for measurement.

Connotative DUTNoise can be determined by making some additional assumptions. Since the rms phase error generated by device noise is generally very small, we can use a small Rwandans Sugardaddy angle approximation to change the expression for the input carrier to ：

The input of the phase detector has been demodulated, so it can Called Rwanda Sugar Daddy “baseband electronic signal.” Once the phase detector gain and output electronic signal power are determined, the actual phase noise can be calculated (assuming that the phase noise generated by the amplifier is negligible). The noise inherent in each DUT is incoherent, so the noise they generate is identical, and the rms sums to the measured input phase noise. To do this, we subtract 3 dB from the phase noise measured by the spectrum analyzer (units: dBc/Hz) to determine the noise generated by each DUT. This represents the phase noise power relative to the electronic signal power:

When The noise generated by the amplifier can be significant when making very sensitive phase noise measurements. Rwandans Sugardaddy The residual phase noise of the amplifier is measured by removing DUT1 and DUT2 from the circuit and then switching the amplifier Use power distributor input. The amplifier Rwanda Sugar output electronic signal power must be similar in amplitude and slew rate to the actual DUT input electronic signal. Using the above steps, subtract the measured amplifier phase noise from the measured DUT phase noise through the Rwanda Sugar process. Obtain accurate DUT phase noise. Again, the key is to ensure that the amplifier’s gain and noise figure are as close to each other as possible.

Please note that a DUT that requires a clock to output electronic signals will be equipped with afront-end minifier. Therefore, a clock source with a high slew rate may inadvertently increase the phase noise generated by the DUT due to non-deterministic thresholds at the amplifier output. When using a sinusoidal clock source, use the largest allowed amplitude to maximize the slew rate.

Basic details of test assembly

Application Figure 1 In the test setup shown, two DUTs with identical part numbers are clocked by a single Rwandans Sugardaddy 1 GHz clock source. The device is set up to divide the clock frequency by four to produce an input of 250 MHz. In addition, the two input electrical signals are phase shifted by 90° (in quadrature) to minimize down-conversion electrical signal levels that appear at DC. The DUT electronic signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to increase the dynamic range of the measurement system (Rwandans Escort phase noise generated by the amplifier It can be so small as to be ignored). The reducer input is sent to a balanced mixer (phase detector). Rwanda Sugar DaddyThe phase detector mixes two electronic signals, producing a sum product and a difference product at its input. The sum and product are filtered out by a low pass filter. The remaining difference product constitutes the 250 MHz input electronic signal that is down-converted to DC (phase noise). The LNA provides enough gain to overcome the noise floor limitations of the spectrum analyzer.

Elimination of Phase Noise from a Common Clock Source

Figure 2 shows relative phase noise measurements for two clock sources with extremely different phase noise characteristics. Practically speaking, either clock source does not affect the DUT summed phase noise measured by the residual phase noise assembly. Figure 3 confirms this fact. It plots two separate residual phase noise measurements, one trace for each clock source. The two traces almost overlap, confirming that the common clock source noise has been canceled by the residual phase noise device. In a relative phase noise device, this noise will not cancel out. In fact, if the DUT is ideal (no additive phase noise), its absolute phase noise curve will match the curve in Figure 2 (but it will be 12 dB lower due to a quarter frequency conversion). Clock source 2, normalized to a 250-MHz carrier, exhibits phase noise of –92 dBc/Hz (1 kHz offsetsetting), the measured DUT phase noise coherent with clock source 2 is –135 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz. Therefore, the residual phase measurement suppresses approximately 40 dB of output clock phase noise.

Elimination of utility power noise

Figure 3 uses the same utility power connection as Figure 1. Figure 4 shows the impact of using a separate noise power supply for each DUT. Irrelevant power supply noise can lead to a significant increase in near-carrier phase noise.

Figure 5 shows the best practices when applying a low-noise power supply. Measurement of phase noise. Relative phase noise of a low noiseRwandans Escortacoustic power supply vs. a separate low noise power supplyRW Escorts Residual phase noise exhibits excellent consistency. Mains phase noise has been canceled in the residual phase noise measurement, but not in the absolute phase noise measurement. Rwanda Sugar

The residual phase noise measurement method is a very effective technique for identifying the phase noise generated by individual components as part of a system design. Using this approach, internal noise sources (such as output clocks and power supplies) are correlated at the input of each DUT and therefore can be effectively canceled. Additionally, it is possible to elucidate the phase noise generated by buffers or amplifiers used in DUT residual noise measurements by performing additional residual phase noise measurements on these components. Combined application of residual and absolute phase noiseAcoustic measurement is a very useful method for identifying important noise sources in system design. Measurement data obtained at the divider demonstrate the concept and functionality of residual phase noise measurements and quantify the impact of noisy output clock and power supplies. With this evaluation method, system designers can derive output clock source and power supply specifications based on actual measurement data.

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